What instructions and/or models exist to guide me through the process
of constructing a scoring rubric?
INTRODUCTION
Scoring rubrics have emerged as a highly-sought tool by teachers for use in the classroom to monitor students' performance and to support students' metacognition about their learning. The body of literature pertaining to scoring rubrics is yet small, but definite and steadily-growing. The scope of this bibliography is to provide citations to the most descriptive and instructional sources to assist teachers and other practitioners: 1) in understanding what scoring rubrics are, and 2) in constructing scoring rubrics for use in classroom assessment.
In Assessment of Student Achievement (6th ed., 1998), Norman Gronlund offers the most straightforward definition of the term that we have encountered. It is:
Scoring Rubric - A set of scoring guidelines that describes the characteristics of the different levels of performance used in scoring or judging a performance.
The following definition, taken from the glossary of Understanding Educational Measurement by Peter McDaniel (1994), also provides a good starting point:
Rubric - A scoring rubric is a set of ordered categories to which a given piece of work can be compared. Scoring rubrics specify the qualities or processes that must be exhibited in order for a performance to be assigned a particular evaluative rating.
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MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESOURCES
[Check your local library or bookstore for access]
Airasian, P.W. (1997). Classroom Assessment (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Chapter 8 of Airasian's book cited above is entitled "Performance Assessment"
and offers narrative text and samples pertaining to the development of
scoring rubrics.
Danielson, C. (1997). A Collection of Performance Tasks and Rubrics:
Middle School Mathematics. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.
Danielson, C. (1997). A Collection of Performance Tasks and Rubrics:
Upper Elementary School Mathematics. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.
Danielson, C. & Marquez, E. (1998). A Collection of Performance Tasks
and Rubrics: High School Mathematics. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.
Danielson, C. & Hansen,P. (1999). A Collection of Performance Tasks and Rubrics:
Primary School Mathematics. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education
Johnson, B. (1996). The Performance Assessment Handbook: Designs from the Field
and Guidelines for the Territory Ahead. Princeton, NJ: Eye on Education.
Each of the two volumes of Johnson's work cited above contains a chapter entitled
"Standards, Criteria, and Rubrics: Including Teachers and Students in the Search
for Quality", replete with detailed samples of rubrics for a variety of subjects.
Lazear, D. (1998). The Rubrics Way: Using MI to Assess Understanding. Tucscon,
AZ: Zephyr Press.
Taggart, G.L., Phifer, S.J., Nixon, J., & Wood, M. (Eds.). (1998). Rubrics:
A Handbook for Construction and Use. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing.
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